It all started around 3000 BC with the Babylonians. They were one of the world’s first civilisations, and came up with some great ideas like agriculture, irrigation and writing. They plotted the paths of the Sun, the Moon and the planets, and recorded them on clay tablets (which you can still see in the British Museum). To the Babylonians we owe the modern ideas of angle, including the way that the circle is divided up into 360 degrees (owing to a small miscalculation, one per day). We also owe the Babylonians for the rather less pleasant invention of the (dreaded) taxman. And this was one of the reasons that the Babylonians needed to solve quadratic equations.
Quadratic equations and areas are linked together like brothers and sisters in the same family. However, at the moment we don’t have to solve anything – until the tax man arrives, that is! Cheerily he says to the farmer “I want you to give me crops to pay for the taxes on your farm.” The farmer now has a dilemma: how big a field does he need to grow that amount of crop? We can answer this question easily, in fact
William Glasser’s Choice Theory We all make choices according to basic needs that come from within ourselves. The needs drive our choices and influence how we behave in those choices.
Survival O Physiological O The need for food, shelter, safety O Safe from bullying Schools should be a safe environment from bodily harm, mental or physical intimidation, abuse.
Quadratic equations describe the motion of a baseball after it connects with a bat, and the acceleration of gravity at the Earth’s orbit.
betterexplained.com
The numbers -15, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, and 15 are all factors of 15 because they divide 15 without a remainder.
Factoring is an important process in algebra which is used to simplify expressions, simplify fractions, and solve equations.
A composite expression is similar in that it can be written as the product of two or more expressions. For example: x2 + 3x + 2 is composite because it can be written as (x + 1)(x + 2). (Recall that the FOIL Method shows that (x + 1)(x + 2) is equivalent to x2 + 3x + 2.) Here, (x + 1) and (x + 2) are factors of x2 + 3x + 2.
In general, a number is a factor of another number if the first number can divide the second without a remainder. Similarly, an expression is a factor of another expression if the first can divide the second without a remainder.
Definition
A prime number is a number greater than 1 which has only two positive factors: 1 and itself. For example, 11 is a prime number because its only positive factors are 1 and 11.
Factoring is a process by which a the factors of a composite number or a composite expression are determined, and the number or expression is written as a product of these factors. For example, the number 15 can be factored into: 1 * 15, 3 * 5, -1 * -15, or -3 * -5. The numbers -15, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, and 15 are all factors of 15 because they divide 15 without a remainder.
Factoring is an important process in algebra which is used to simplify expressions, simplify fractions, and solve equations. The next few lessons explain how to factor numbers, expressions, and equations.
A composite number is a number that can be written as the product of two positive integers other than 1 and the number itself. For example: 14 is a composite number because it can be written as 7 times 2. In this case, 7 and 2 are called factors of 14.
On the blog dy/dan, there was a recent discussion about the shape of a bridge. One commenter joked about the Golden Arches of McDonald’s as being the most famous parabolas in America. As I am teaching quadratic modeling in College Algebra right now, I though I would find an equation for these parabolas. The problem is that the Golden Arches are not parabolas.
Upon returning from Germany in 1934, where more than 5,000 people per month were being forcibly sterilized, the California eugenics leader C. M. Goethe bragged to a colleague:
“You will be interested to know that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought . . . I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people.”[75]
“In plainer English, the dosage was increased until it made the prisoner so ill or caused serious damage.” The patient testified that he had been seized by trustees and held while he was forcibly injected in both arms. He received four dollars in compensation.
Fort Bliss soldier SGT James Brown dies in Police Custody
where they shove a hood over his head and pump him full of drugs
James Brown Assault Video Shows Active Duty Soldier Slowly Die as Riot Police Needlessly Assault Him with a needle
Sgt.-James-Brown-Fort-Bliss-Soldier-Death-While-In-Custody-By-Assasin-Gang/Guards medical Injection, suffication Murder by Gang Membercaught on Tape
At an Army research facility, a soldier given a powerful mind-altering drug said, “I feel like my life is not worth a nickel here.”
US soldiers used as guinea pigs for experiments | Among the many drugs used were Sarin, amphetamines, LSD, mustard gas, THC, incapacitating agents, and phosgene, a chemical weapon used in trenches during …
Philo of Alexandria, a 1st-century BC Jewish philosopher, said that Ham and Canaan were equally guilty, if not of whatever had been done to Noah, then of other crimes, “for the two of them together had acted foolishly and wrongly and committed other sins.” Rabbi Eleazar decided that Canaan had in fact been the first to see Noah, and had then gone and told his father, who then told his brothers in the street; this, said Eleazar, “did not take to mind the commandment to honour one’s father.” Another interpretation was that Noah’s “youngest son” could not be Ham, who was the middle son: “for this reason they say that this youngest son was in fact Canaan.”[32]
Genesis 9:25: Cursed (ארור) is Canaan: Noah said to Ham: “You caused me that I should not father a fourth son, another one to serve me. May your fourth son [Canaan was Ham’s fourth son, see Genesis 10:6] be cursed by serving the offspring of these greater ones [of Shem and Japheth]… What did Ham see that he emasculated him? He said to his brothers Adam the first man had only two sons (Cain and Abel) yet one killed the other because of the inheritance of the world [Cain killed Abel over a dispute how to divide the world between them according to Genesis Rabbah 22:7] and our father has three sons yet he seeks still a fourth son.”[26][27]
Genesis 9:26: …Blessed is יהוה the God of Shem: “Who is destined to keep His promise to [Shem’s] offspring to give them the Land of Canaan” and he shall be: “Canaan shall be to them as a servant to pay tribute.”[27][28]
Genesis 9:27: and Canaan shall be a slave to them.: “Even after the children of Shem will be exiled slaves will be sold to them from the Children of Canaan.” [Rashi explaining why the curse is repeated.][26][27]
political prisoner at U.S. Penitentiary Canaan, a high security prison in Waymart, Penn., concerning Imam Jamil. The sender said that the inmate was in serious need of medical attention.
SNNC Imam Jamil Canaan
Congressman John Lewis Mongomery Walk
Rockefeller Native Prairie for Rockefeller -Array of Experimental Drugs for the rest of Society : eugenics
|juːˈdʒɛnɪks| pluralnoun [ treated as sing. ] the science of improving a population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics.
Early Judaism and Islam
Dont fight for Israel; free palestine and Africa central America Pollution Land grab; from Land Grab
Recent years[edit]
During the 1970s and 1980s, the FBI’s Boston office was largely infiltrated through corrupt federal agent John J. Connolly, by which Whitey Bulger was able to use his status as a government informant against his rivals (the extent of which would not be revealed until the mid to late 1990s). This scandal was the basis for the book Black Mass and served as the inspiration for the fictional film The Departed.[1]
While Genesis 9 never says that Ham was black, he became associated with black skin, through folk etymology deriving his name from a similar, but actually unconnected, word meaning “dark” or “brown”.[38] The next stage are certain fables according to ancient Jewish traditions. According to one legend preserved in the Babylonian
Treasure of Nimrud Is Found In Iraq, and It’s Spectacular How Two Men Pumped Flooded Vault To Secure Missing Assyrian Antiquities
BAGHDAD, Iraq
Science / Medicine : Assyrian Tombs Reveal Archeological Riches, Clues to Lost Culture : Archeology: Iraqis uncover 175 pounds of gold artifacts in royal Assyrian chambers. In terms of knowlege gained of the culture, it may be even richer. November 13, 1989
The Curse of Ham originated within the ‘wise’ rabbinic pages of the Talmud, which damned Blacks to an infinite existence of enslavement.
The Zionist Infestation Of Africa: Zimbabwe To Uganda, Congo To Somalia And Beyond
official self defense used by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), Israeli Police and Security Services training for Global Cobs
Talmud, God cursed Ham because he broke a prohibition on sex aboard the ark and “was smitten in his skin”;[39] according to another, Noah cursed him because he castrated his father.[40] Although the Talmud refers only to Ham, the version brought in a midrash goes on further to say “Ham, that Cush came from him” in reference to the blackness,[41] that the curse did not apply to all of Ham but only to his eldest son Cush, Cush being a sub-Saharan African.[42] Thus, two distinct traditions existed, one explaining dark skin as the result of a curse on Ham, the other explaining slavery by the separate curse on Canaan.[43]
The concepts were introduced into Islam during the Arab expansion of the 7th century, due to cross-pollination of Jewish and Christian parables and theology into Islam, called “Isra’iliyyat“.
In 1956, E. Raymond Hall, former director of the Kansas Biological Survey and the KU Museum of Natural History, obtained a personal check from John D. Rockefeller to acquire the 160 acres now known as the Rockefeller Tract. At the edge of this area lies a small 10-acre remnant of original native prairie with a rich diversity of more than 200 native plants—including two endangered species, the western prairie fringed orchid and Mead’s milkweed. This is one of only four locations in the world where both species occur together.
Today less than 0.5% of Douglas County’s original 300,000 acres of tallgrass prairie remains. This makes the long-term protection of the Rockefeller Native Prairie vitally important in preserving our local natural heritage. It is a reminder of what an original prairie looks like, but it also provides a valuable seed bank of rare prairie plants and, together with other portions of the Rockefeller Tract, is highly useful in studies of prairie ecology, restoration and management.
In plainer English, the dosage was increased until it made the prisoner so ill or caused serious damage.
United States Penitentiary, Canaan
The patient testified that he had been seized by trustees and held while he was forcibly injected in both arms.
He received four dollars in compensation.
The King of the Prison Experiments was one Dr. Austin Stough. He had initiated contracts with the nation’s largest pharmaceutical manufacturers to carry out drug testing at a number of prisons in three southern states, Alabama, Arkansas and Oklahoma.
Each of the major drug firms in the United States has at least one director with close Rockefeller connections, or with a Rothschild bank. Another director of Merck is John K. McKinley, chief operating officer of Texaco; he is also a director of Manufacturers Hanover Bank, which Congressional records identify as a major Rothschild bank.
Despite the dramatic implications of the drug testing stories, they met with thunderous silence from the “bleeding hearts” of the nation’s media, perhaps because publicity about these programs might have raised conjecture as to why German doctors had been executed for the same practices.
The history of the pharmaceutical drug business has always been a chronicle of fraud, of preying on the fears of the uneducated and the gullible and taking advantage of the universal fears of the illness and death.
describing the prisoners as “human guinea pigs.” The journalist quoted one convict, who was deliberately burned on both arms, “The pain was pretty bad,” and mentioned other prisoners who had been injected with live cancer cells.
Saturday Evening Post, March 2, 1963, was titled “Convict Volunteers.”
Despite the fact that this story, written about inmates at the Ohio State Prison in Columbus, mentioned that these convicts did not receive any pay for submitting to these experiments (Ohio statutes piously forbid such payments, saving the drug companies even more money), the writer ends his article with a glowing tribute to the program, pointing out that it caused “the volunteers to feel self-respect.”
The third story, in Business Week, June 27, 1964, noted that the drug companies were able to save many millions of dollars by using the prisoners for drug experiments.
Tranquilizers continue to be big business. Roche Labs (Hoffman LaRoche) continues to push its No. 1 seller, Valium, while promoting its other sellers, Librium, Limbitrol, Marplan, Noludar, Tractan, Clonpin and Dalmane. Roche also produces Matulane, which is used in cancer therapy. This drug causes leukopenia, anemia, and thrompenia, with side effects of nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, dysphagia, diarrhea, pain, chills, fever, sweating, drowsiness, tachycardia, bleeding and leukemia.
Another firm offering “proven” drugs is Smith, Kline Beck-man, which made its initial millions from peddling the drug known as “speed” through prescriptions from doctors, the notorious Dexedrine and Dexamil. Executives of Smith, Kline Beckman have pled guilty to 34 charges of covering up 36 deaths and cases of severe kidney damage in patients using their drug Selocrin, which was finally removed from the market.
The Wall Street Journal, January 15, 1988, noted that a number of suits have been filed against schools by anxious parents concerning the forced use of Ritalin. The Georgia Board of Medical Examiners is now looking into the skyrocketing use of Ritalin in the schools in Atlanta’s affluent suburbs. A student now on trial for murder has entered the defense that he was on Ritalin.
Pesticides persist in being even more dangerous than insects. Lindane, (Gammelin 20), produced by Hooker Chemical, a Rockefeller connected firm, causes dizziness, brain disease, convulsions, muscle spasms, and leukemia. For years, the FDA waged a battle against Shell Oil’s pesticide strips, which contain lindane.
Workers subcontracted by Shell Oil Company clean up an oil spill from an abandoned Shell Petroleum Development Company well in Oloibiri, Niger Delta. Wellhead 14 was closed in 1977 but has been leaking for years, and in June of 2004 it finally released an oil spill of over 20,000 barrels of crude oil.
DDT, as we have noted, long after its ban in the United States, continues to find a ready market overseas, much to the profit of Monsanto, its producer.
Individual products, such as the current furore over aspartame, may come under Congressional scrutiny, but the overall operations of the Drug Trust remain immune from Congressional investigation.
Drug War-The Medical Monopoly’s weak link is that it is almost totally dependent on doctors and hospital personnel to promote its profitable items.
What is the present magnitude of the CIA world drug operation?
Lt. Col. Bo Gritz, who has thirty years of distinguished service with the United States Army Special Forces, testified before the House Foreign Affairs Committee International Narcotic Task Force that 900 tons of heroin and opium would enter the free world in 1987, the source being Southeast Asia and the Golden Triangle. Col. Gritz had been to Asia a number of times to confer with one of Asia’s largest drug producers, Khun Sa. Khun Sa then laid the blame for the world drug operation squarely at the door of some well known CIA operatives, including Theodore Shackley, who served as chief of station for the CIA in Laos from 1965 to 1975.
Khun Sa stated that Shackley had worked closely with Mao Se Hung, who was then the leading drug smuggler in Southeast Asia. Another colleague of Shackley was a “civilian” named Santos Trafficante. Trafficante had long been a leading figure in the Mafia, and had been called before Congress to testify about a possible attempt on the life of Castro in Cuba. When the Communist regime took over, the Mafia lost an empire of gambling and prostitution in Havana and other cities. They sought revenge.
Another prominent personality identified by Khun Sa and others as active in the drug trade was Richard Armitage, whose drug operations began during the Vietnam War. He later moved to the U.S. Embassy in Bangkok. From 1975 to 1979, according to witnesses, he used his embassy position to carry on drug operations.
He then left that post, establishing the Far East Trading Corporation in Bangkok. Armitage was later appointed by President Reagan as Assistant Secretary of Defense in charge of International Security Affairs, reporting directly to the Secretary of Defense, Casper Weinberger. Business tycoon Ross Perot then learned of Armitage’s history. He went to the White House, demanding that Armitage be fired. He talked to George Bush, former head of the CIA, who gave him the brush-off by sending him to FBI Director William Webster (shortly afterwards, Webster was quietly appointed head of the CIA).
Webster refused to act on Perot’s complaints, which opened the door for his appointment to the CIA post. Meanwhile, Weinberger, fearful that the role of the Defense Department in the drug scandal was about to unfold, hastily resigned. He was succeeded by Frank Carlucci, who was then serving as National Security Advisor, and who was well versed in the entire operation.
Carlucci personally ordered Perot to drop his crusade against Armitage. Because Perot’s fortune had been built on huge government contracts, he had no choice but to back off. Other personages involved were General Richard Secord, who surfaced as a figure in the Iran-Contra affair, who had boasted of flying plane loads of gold to Southeast Asia to pay off the drug smugglers.
The daytime soap opera known as the Iran-Contra affair was made to order for the secretive operatives of the CIA. They delighted in leading the obtuse members of Congress on one wild goose chase after another, while the real story remained untold. It was chef’s surprise, a culinary delight of drugs, the sale of arms to belligerents, and money, well seasoned with political sauce, stirred with various commitments to the State of Israel by leading Washington politicians, and topped with luscious Swiss bank accounts.
In fact, the Iran Contra affair was the logical culmination of the longtime involvement of the Rockefeller interests and the Drug Trust in pro-Communist activity. John D. Rockefeller himself had tucked the sum of $10,000 in cash into Leon Trotsky’s pocket before seeing him off to start the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.
During the 1950s, it quietly placed its members in power in the media, the universities and the government, replacing, in most instances, the incumbent Stalinist hardliners. The Stalinists in Washington who had surrounded Roosevelt and Truman were gradually replaced with “neoconservatives,” that is, hard-line anti-Moscow ideologues, who later added to their masquerade by additional and impressive noms de plume, such as “the Hard Right,” “the New Right,” “the Religious Right,” or, in some instances, merely as “conservatives.”
None other than the Hollywood man on the white horse, Ronald Reagan, rode into power in 1980 on a tide of “neoconservatism.” His principal backing came from the CIA, which by then was only a mouthpiece for the neoconservatives, and its house organ, the National Review, whose editor, William Buckley, boasted that the only job he had ever had was with the CIA.
Jeane Kirkpatrick, of the Rockefeller financed League for Industrial Democracy, became the spokesman for the new policy, while Reagan’s entire team was dominated by the Hoover Institution, whose two senior fellows, Sydney Hook and Seymour Martin Lipset, were on the board of LID. Thus David Rockefeller maintained close liaison with the Stalinist Communists in Moscow, while other Rockefeller interests directed the “anti-Communist” stance of the Reagan regime.
The power of the LID lay in its domination of the CIA and its total commitment to the State of Israel as the world headquarters of the Trotskyite Communist movement. Thus Elliott Abrams, son-in-law of the Israeli propagandist Norman Podhoretz, who was editor of the American Jewish Committee organ, Commentary, was appointed by Reagan to direct the Contra operation in Nicaragua, a classic standoff between the Stalinist regime in Managua and Trotskyite directed rebels in the hills.
The drug involvement in this operation should surprise no one, because the Rockefeller interests, having established the American Drug Trust, had long been active not only in ethical drugs but in unethical ones as well. The contra affair not only threatened to blow the lid off the Iran Connection; it endangered the Israeli Connection, the Swiss Connection, and the Rockefeller Connection as well.
Thus a “crusade against Communism,” a noble effort to contain the Communists a la George Kennan, to be financed with “dirty” money from the sale of drugs, was at last revealed to be the same old crew of CIA agents peddling their drugs and laundering their money in various parts of the world. (The present writer is now researching a book which will document all of these operations.)
The CIA drug connection was not only deeply rooted in the quest for easy profits, but also in the concurrent plan to achieve total control over the people of the world by the masters of the Drug Trust.
the Rockefeller controlled Memorial Hospital Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. This total commitment to “Science” also guided and inspired the CIA drug programs, Projects Bluebird, Artichoke, MK Ultra, and MK Delta, in which some 139 drugs were used on unsuspecting victims, the substances abused including cannabis, LSD, Scopolamine, Sodium Amytal, Chloral Hydrate (the knockout drops of the Old West), ergot, cocaine, morphine and heroin.
Unlike his opponent, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Hitler had no trust fund from his mother (the proceeds from the China opium trade.
With hundreds of millions in dollars of potential profits riding on each new drug product, the Medical Monopoly must comply with the regulations which they themselves have drafted and put into place. The purpose of the regulations is to protect the market share of a new wonder drug until it can be replaced by a newer wonder drug.
Phase II, in which the drug is tested on human beings, generally requires a captive population. The drugs are sometimes tested secretly in schools, hospitals and mental institutions, but the pharmaceutical manufacturers usually prefer to rely on a much safer test population, those confined to our prisons, because they are unlikely to complain.
Even inmates of mental institutions have been known to complain, after their release, that they were subjected to illegal drug testing. Prisoners who have been convicted of crimes are less likely to complain. Since the turn of the century, the United States has led the world in the number of medical experiments carried on in prisons.
The law-abiding citizen might think that it is all right to conduct medical experiments on prisoners, even though a number of German doctors were executed for just such an offense. Drug testing might be one way in which the prisoner could repay his debt to society. However, the reality of the situation today is that, although there are many criminals confined in our prisons, there are also increasing numbers of Americans sent to prisons for political offenses.
These political prisoners run the same risks in medical experiments as do the most hardened criminals. Each year, a larger number of sentences are handed down by American courts as punishment for banking problems, mortgage problems or tax problems.
Because of the Medical Monopoly’s control of the media, the use of prisoners in medical experiments rarely comes to the attention of the American people. An exhaustive search of magazine indexes from 1900 to the present day reveals only a few such stories, which were uniformly favorable to the experiments. The prisoners themselves have little media access, unless they riot and bring the cameramen in in force, with the full top story treatment.
A Native Plant Conservation Campaign Report
A Native Plant Conservation Campaign Report
The columnist, Pertinax, writing in the British Medical Journal, January 1963 commented,
“I’m disturbed that the World Medical Association is now hedging on its clause about using criminals as experimental material. The AMA influence has been at work on its suspension. At the tenth meeting, American scientists joked about it. One of the nicest American scientists I know was heard to say ‘Criminals in our prisons are fine experimental material—and much cheaper than chimpanzees’.”
The American Medical Association is still the leading advocate of using prisoners for drug testing.
The scientist was not making a bad joke—chimpanzees cost as much as $4500 each, while American prisoners can be had for as little as one dollar a day. Pertinax was commenting on the proposal made by the World Medical Association in 1961, and offered for adoption, that “prisoners, being captive groups, should not be used as the subjects of experiments.”
The proposal was vociferously objected to by delegates from the American Medical Association and it was finally tabled.
If this smacks somewhat of the crimes of “Nazi doctors” and their experiments on prisoners, the coincidence is not accidental. The accused physicians testified in their own defense that they were merely following practices of long standing in the United States. At one trial, in 1947, 515 German doctors were tried at Nuremberg, indicted on the charge that they had conducted experiments on prisoners.
They entered evidence in their defense that in 1906, American doctors in Philadelphia had used convicts for medical experiments, injecting them with plague and beri beri germs; in 1915, pellagra was injected into convicts in Massachusetts; in 1944, hundreds of prisoners in the United States were injected with malaria under the excuse of wartime necessity, to aid our soldiers in the Pacific.
Despite this defense, the German doctors were convicted and some of them were executed.
Georgia is where England sent all of its criminals, debtors and other people it would rather not have in England. Georgia was called “the great social experiment” because of this, since they had so many people of different social groups in such close proximity. Georgia then served as a buffer zone for the rich state of South Carolina, from French-owned Florida. The british saw it in their best interest that if the french decided to attack, they would have to fight through all of the debtors and criminals before reaching the manors and gentry of South Carolina.
Before the Civil War ended, State “Slave Codes” prohibited slaves from owning guns. After President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, and after the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolishing slavery was adopted and the Civil War ended in 1865, States persisted in prohibiting blacks, now freemen, from owning guns under laws renamed “Black Codes.” They did so on the basis that blacks were not citizens, and thus did not have the same rights, including the right to keep and bear arms protected in the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, as whites. This view was specifically articulated by the U.S. Supreme Court in its infamous 1857 decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford to uphold slavery.
The United States Congress overrode most portions of the Black Codes by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1866. The legislative histories of both the Civil Rights Act and the Fourteenth Amendment, as well as The Special Report of the Anti-Slavery Conference of 1867, are replete with denunciations of those particular statutes that denied blacks equal access to firearms. [Kates, Handgun Prohibition and the Original Meaning of the Second Amendment, 82 Mich. L. Rev. 204, 256 (1983)] However, facially neutral disarming through economic means laws remain in effect.
Thus, many Southern States imposed high taxes or banned inexpensive guns so as to price blacks and poor whites out of the gun market.
In the 1990s, “gun control” laws continue to be enacted so as to have a racist effect if not intent:
Police-issued license and permit laws, unless drafted to require issuance to those not prohibited by law from owning guns, are routinely used to prevent lawful gun ownership among “unpopular” populations.
Public housing residents, approximately 3 million Americans, are singled out for gun bans.
“Gun sweeps” by police in “high crime neighborhoods” whereby vehicles and “pedestrians who meet a specific profile that might indicate they are carrying a weapon” are searched are becoming popular, and are being studied by the U.S. Department of Justice as “Operation Ceasefire.”
After the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1868, most States turned to “facially neutral” business or transaction taxes on handgun purchases. However, the intention of these laws was not neutral. An article in Virginia’s official university law review called for a “prohibitive tax … on the privilege” of selling handguns as a way of disarming “the son of Ham* ”, whose “cowardly practice of ‘toting’ guns has been one of the most fruitful sources of crime … .Let a negro board a railroad train with a quart of mean whiskey and a pistol in his grip and the chances are that there will be a murder, or at least a row, before he alights.” [Comment, Carrying Concealed Weapons, 15 Va L. Reg. 391, 391-92 (1909); George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal, Vol. 2, No. 1, “Gun Control and Racism,” Stefan Tahmassebi, 1991, p. 75] Thus, many Southern States imposed high taxes or banned inexpensive guns so as to price blacks and poor whites out of the gun market.
Backers of CIA-led Nicaraguan rebels brought cocaine to poor L.A. neighborhoods in early ’80s to help finance war — and a plague was born.
Data from The Lancet suggests cocaine is ranked both the 2nd most addictive and the 2nd most harmful of 20 popular recreational drugs.[7]
In 1900, state legislatures in Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee considered anti-cocaine bills for the first time.[99]
Hyperbolic reports of the effect of cocaine on African Americans went hand-in-hand with this hysteria. In 1901, the Atlanta Constitution reported that “Use of the drug [cocaine] among negroes is growing to an alarming extent.”[100] The New York Times reported that under the influence of cocaine, “sexual desires are increased and perverted … peaceful negroes become quarrelsome, and timid negroes develop a degree of ‘Dutch courage’ that is sometimes almost incredible.”[101] A medical doctor even wrote “cocaine is often the direct incentive to the crime of rape by the negroes.”[101] To complete the characterization, a judge in Mississippi declared that supplying a “negro” with cocaine was more dangerous than injecting a dog with rabies.[102]
These attitudes not only influenced drug law and policy but also led to increased violence against African Americans. In 1906, a major race riot led by whites erupted; it was sparked by reports of crimes committed by black ‘cocaine fiends.’[100]Indeed, white-led, race riots spawning from reports of blacks under the influence of cocaine were not uncommon.[103] Police in the South widely adopted the use of a heavier caliber handguns so as to better stop a cocaine-crazed black person – believed to be empowered with super-human strength.[104] Another dangerous myth perpetuated amongst police was that cocaine imbued African Americans with tremendous accuracy with firearms and therefore police were better advised to shoot first in questionable circumstances.[105]
Ultimately public opinion rested against the cocaine user. Criminality was commonly believed to be a natural result of cocaine use.[106] Much of the influence for these kind of perceptions came from the widespread publicity given to notorious cases.[92] While the historical reality of cocaine’s effect on violence and crime is difficult to disentangle from inflamed perceptions, it does appear that public opinion was swayed by the image of the violent, cocaine-crazed fiend and pushed over the edge by a few violent episodes.[106] It was an image of the cocaine-user that carried acute racial overtones.[92]
Faced with a second year of Congressional denial of funds for the Contra paramilitary force in Nicaragua, National Security Council member Col. Oliver Northbegan brainstorming on ways to circumvent Congress. This memo to National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane is one of the earliest pieces of evidence showing the Reagan administration’s drift into illegality to fund the Central American rebellion. Secrecy for the plan is paramount. We could not implement such an option if it became known in advance and it also mandates that present donors continue their relationship with the resistance beyond the current funding figure. The plan would require the President to make a major public announcement which, in turn, must be supported by other Administration officials, resistance leaders, and regional Heads of State once it has been announced.
(1) President Reagan wanted to support a pro-capitalist, right-wing paramilitary group in Nicaragua (called the “Contras”).
(2) But Congress said it was illegal.
(3) So Reagan secretly sold weapons to Iran (one of the U.S.’s biggest enemies) and used that money to fund the Contras.
(4) To further boost the Contras’ war chest, dozens of its members sold tons of cocaine into the inner-city during the height of the crack crisis. Reagan’s men were unable somehow to detect veritable mountains of cocaine being trafficked right under their noses.
(5) Nobody went to jail. Well, except for thousands upon thousands of street-level drug dealers and users in the hood and America’s poor communities.
*NIMROD
Sample Slave Codes, Black Codes, Economic-Based Gun Bans Used To Prevent The Arming Of African Americans, 1640-1995
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