Bokor in Somali, a term referring to binding the people together. All people deserve to worship a God who also worships them. A God that made them…
Qur’an and Islamic traditions
The pressing issue remains food and security.”
There is a case for challenging borders that were drawn up by European imperialists and which continue to inhibit travel and trade. Blood Diamonds are often produced through the forced labor of men, women and children. Scholars have recently discovered in the Schoyen Collection the oldest known representation of the Etemenanki.[12] Carved on a black stone, The Tower of Babel Stele (as it is known) dates from 604-562 BC, the time of Nebuchadnezzar II.[13]IRAQ
“UBUNTU, HOW CAN ONE OF US BE HAPPY IF ALL THE OTHER ONES ARE SAD?”
clans have a traditional means of compensating for lives lost in interclan disputes, thereby discouraging violence and encouraging peaceful settlement. The clan responsible for the death pays the victim’s clan a fine, called dia, traditionally a set number of camels or other livestock. A certain percentage of the dia—called jiffo —is paid by the immediate relatives of the one responsible for the death to the immediate family of the deceased. Dia is also paid, in a lesser amount, for other crimes, such as rape, adultery, and theft. Dia-paying groups are formed by agreement among closely related clan members. Enforcement of dia customs falls to the elders and the clan council. If a matter cannot be settled peacefully, fighting breaks out between clans, followed by another peace council.
In 1994 a group of Somali women educated in Western countries returned to their homeland to help Somali women who were striving to rebuild the economy by starting their own businesses. The group, called the Somali Women’s Trust, also helped establish girls’ schools and women’s health centers, and helped reestablish refugees in Somalia. Another Somali women’s group, Candlelight, provides similar services.
Gender Roles and Statuses
Division of Labor by Gender. In traditional Samaal clans, men and older boys do the important work of tending camels and cattle, the most valuable animals. Girls and young boys tend sheep and goats. Somali men are considered warriors ( waranle ), except for those few who choose the religious life. Adult men are also expected to serve on their clan-family council. Urban men may work as businessmen, blacksmiths, craftsmen, fishermen, or factory workers.Women in nomadic clans are responsible for caring for children, cooking, and moving the family aqal. Women and girls in farming clans are responsible for planting and harvesting crops, caring for children, and cooking. Urban women may hold jobs in shops or offices or may run their own business.
With many Somali men killed during the civil war or lost to diseases such as tuberculosis, women have learned to fend for themselves. They have shown remarkable adaptability and a talent for business. The United Nations and other international organizations launched campaigns in the late 1990s to help Somali women and girls get better health care, an education, and job skills training. Somali natives who have been educated abroad are returning to help with these endeavors. Several programs have been started to promote nomadic women’s enterprises, such as the collecting of henna leaves for grinding into natural cosmetics. Women in urban areas sell wares in the streets or marketplaces or run their own shops.
Weddings are joyous occasions, but the couple often signs an agreement giving the bride a certain amount of property should the couple divorce, which is common in Somalia. The husband holds the property in trust for her. Tradition calls for the wife to relinquish her right to the property if she initiates the divorce.
Domestic Unit.
The Somali domestic unit consists of a man, his wife or wives, and their children. Elderly or unmarried relatives may live with the family. In homes with more than one wife, each wife usually lives with her children in her own house, and the husband and father divides his time among them. In the case of a divorce, children usually remain with their mother. The male is considered the head of the household, except where it is headed by a divorced or widowed woman.
Inheritance.
Inheritance passes from father to son in Somali families. A wife remains a part of her father’s lineage, while her children belong to her husband’s lineage. Many Somalis believe that their ancestor from Old Testament times was Noah’s son Ham.
Somali men trace their membership in a particular clan-family through their patrilineage, going back a dozen or more generations. Clan groups with the longest ancestry have the most prestige. Clans and subclans are associated with the territory they occupy for most of the year. Socialization
Child Rearing and Education.
Somali children are raised with much love but are also disciplined and taught to work from age five or six, with little time for play. In spite of numerous hardships, Somali children are known for their sense of joy and abundant laughter. Children are taught independence and self-reliance and to carefully observe the world around them.
A lack of trained teachers, materials, and schools, however, made secondary-school classes inadequate
After seizing power on Oct. 22, 1969, Siad made himself head of a Supreme Revolutionary Council and imposed autocratic rule through a personality cult and the harsh enforcement of an official ideology called “Scientific Socialism.” He strengthened relations with the Soviet Union, officially outlawed clan loyalties (while using clan elders to establish order in rural areas), and promoted literacy with a newly introduced Roman alphabet. He later renounced his ties with the Soviets and sought U.S. aid, but allegations of human rights abuses hurt his international standing. By 1990 fighting among clans and between clan militias and the government forced Siad to promise reforms, including free elections. He was forced out of office in January 1991 and in 1992 went into exile in Nigeria.
Mohamed Siad Barre, also spelled Maxamed Siyaad Barre outlawed clan loyalties
Blood and Crip stratagem
stratagem |ˈstratədʒəm|
noun
a plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end: a series of devious stratagems.
• [ mass noun ] archaic skill in devising plans or schemes; cunning.
Ethnic Somalis make up about 95 percent of the population. The remainder are Indians, Pakistanis, other Asians, Arabs, Europeans, and groups of mixed ancestry.
hollowed out by the right wing legislature.
“A man who won’t die for something is not fit to live.”― Martin Luther King Jr.,
DESMOND TUTU
“You’re not to be so blind with patriotism that you can’t face reality. Wrong is wrong, no matter who does it or says it. A person is a person because he recognizes others as persons.
For goodness sake, will they hear, will white people hear what we are trying to say? Please, all we are asking you to do is to recognize that we are humans, too. As quoted in The New York Times (3 January 1985)
When a pile of cups is tottering on the edge of the table and you warn that they will crash to the ground, in South Africa you are blamed when that happens.
I am not interested in picking up crumbs of compassion thrown from the table of someone who considers himself my master. I want the full menu of rights.Today, NBC TV (9 January 1985)
You don’t choose your family. They are God’s gift to you, as you are to them.Address at his enthronement as Anglican archbishop of Cape Town (7 September 1986)
If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor. If an elephant has its foot on the tail of a mouse and you say that you are neutral, the mouse will not appreciate your neutrality.As quoted in Ending Poverty As We Know It : Guaranteeing a Right to a Job at a Living Wage (2003) by William P. Quigley, p. 8
When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said “Let us pray.” We closed our eyes. When we opened them, we had the Bible and they had the land.As quoted in Desmond Tutu: A Biography (2004)
- Children are a wonderful gift. They have an extraordinary capacity to see into the heart of things and to expose sham and humbug for what they are.As quoted in “The Words of Desmond Tutu” (1984)
- Do your little bit of good where you are; its those little bits of good put together that overwhelm the world.
- My humanity is bound up in yours, for we can only be human together.
CANADA, Mayor ROB FORD, Toronto,
Perhaps it would be easier if the police and the mayor would handle the business in their own neighbourhoods (Patrol their own).
SOLUTION: The African community could be responsible for educating their own children. • Children are a wonderful gift. PROBLEM: They have an extraordinary capacity to see into the heart of things and to expose sham and humbug for what they are.
BOKOR UBUNTU in the hemp community
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